![]() In recent years, high-performance networks and storage hardware has made the user/kernel transition overhead the bottleneck for IO-heavy applications. Although processor mode switches are the essential isolation mechanism to guarantee the system's integrity, they induce direct and indirect performance costs as they invalidate parts of the processor state. Every system call includes a processor mode switch from the unprivileged user mode to the privileged kernel mode. Operating systems rely on system calls to allow the controlled communication of isolated processes with the kernel and other processes. ![]() ![]() We outline critical future research directions for advancing NF packet processing on GPC platforms. Our survey gives a comprehensive summary of the capabilities and limitations of the existing enabling technologies and researched approaches for abstraction, memory access, and I/O for NF packet processing. We partition the memory access category into the two sub-categories of memory allocation and memory access, while we partition the I/O strategy category into the sub-categories I/O device virtualization and I/O device access. We further categorize abstraction approach technologies and research studies into the categories operation systems, hypervisors, and containers. We organize this survey according to the main categories abstraction approach, memory access, and I/O strategy. ![]() This article surveys the existing enabling technologies and research studies on operating system and hypervisor aspects that directly influence the packet processing for NFs on GPC platforms. The input/output (I/O)-intensive and latency-sensitive packet processing is challenging for the operating systems and hypervisors running on GPC platforms. Scalable and flexible communication networks increasingly conduct the packet processing for Network Functions (NFs) in General Purpose Computing (GPC) platforms. ![]()
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